Vulnerability Guides

Common security vulnerabilities explained

36 articles

API Authentication Bypass Explained

API authentication bypass lets attackers access protected endpoints without proper credentials. Learn about common bypass techniques and how to prevent them.

6 min readJan 2026

Broken Access Control Explained

Broken access control is the #1 web security risk. It happens when users can access resources or actions they should not be authorized for. Learn how to fix it.

6 min readJan 2026

Broken Authentication Explained: When Login Security Fails

Broken authentication lets attackers bypass login systems, take over accounts, or impersonate users. Learn the common auth failures in vibe-coded apps and how to fix them.

10 min readJan 2026

Clickjacking Explained

Clickjacking tricks users into clicking hidden elements on your site embedded in malicious pages. Learn how to prevent it with X-Frame-Options and CSP headers.

5 min readJan 2026

Command Injection Explained

Command injection lets attackers run arbitrary system commands through your application. Learn how it works and how to safely execute commands without risk.

5 min readJan 2026

CORS Misconfiguration Explained

CORS misconfiguration can expose your API to unauthorized cross-origin requests. Learn how CORS works, common mistakes, and how to configure it securely.

6 min readJan 2026

CSRF Explained: Cross-Site Request Forgery in Plain English

CSRF tricks users into performing unwanted actions on sites where they're logged in. Learn how CSRF attacks work and how to protect your app with tokens and SameSite cookies.

8 min readJan 2026

DNS Rebinding Explained

DNS rebinding lets attackers bypass same-origin policy by switching DNS resolution mid-session. Learn how it works and how to protect your local services.

6 min readJan 2026

Email Header Injection Explained

Email header injection lets attackers add CC/BCC recipients or modify email content through form inputs. Learn how to sanitize email inputs properly.

5 min readJan 2026

Exposed API Keys: What They Are and Why They're Dangerous

API keys in your frontend code can lead to stolen data and surprise bills. Learn what exposed API keys are, how to find them, and how to fix the problem.

9 min readJan 2026

Exposed API Keys Explained: The #1 Vibe Coding Vulnerability

API key exposure is the most common security issue in AI-generated code. Learn what exposed API keys are, why they're dangerous, and how to fix them fast.

8 min readJan 2026

GraphQL Vulnerabilities Explained

GraphQL APIs have unique security challenges including introspection leaks, deep queries, and batching attacks. Learn how to secure your GraphQL endpoint.

7 min readJan 2026

Hardcoded Credentials Explained

Hardcoded passwords and secrets in source code get pushed to repos and exposed. Learn how to find and remove hardcoded credentials from your codebase.

5 min readJan 2026

IDOR Explained: Insecure Direct Object Reference

IDOR lets attackers access other users' data by changing IDs in URLs or requests. Learn how this common vulnerability works and how to protect your vibe-coded app.

8 min readJan 2026

Insecure Cookies Explained

Missing cookie security flags can expose session tokens to theft via XSS or network attacks. Learn how to set HttpOnly, Secure, and SameSite flags properly.

5 min readJan 2026

Insecure Deserialization Explained

Insecure deserialization lets attackers execute code by manipulating serialized data. Learn how this vulnerability works and why it's rare in modern JavaScript apps.

6 min readJan 2026

Insecure File Permissions Explained

Improper file permissions can expose sensitive files to unauthorized users. Learn how to set proper permissions for config files, uploads, and secrets.

5 min readJan 2026

Insufficient Logging Explained

Without proper logging, you can't detect attacks or investigate breaches. Learn what to log, what not to log, and how to set up security monitoring.

6 min readJan 2026

JWT Vulnerabilities Explained

JWT implementation mistakes can let attackers forge tokens or bypass authentication. Learn about algorithm confusion, weak secrets, and proper JWT validation.

7 min readJan 2026

Mass Assignment Explained

Mass assignment lets attackers modify fields they should not have access to by adding extra properties to requests. Learn how to whitelist allowed fields.

5 min readJan 2026

Missing Rate Limiting Explained

Without rate limiting, attackers can brute force passwords, scrape data, or DoS your app. Learn how to implement rate limiting in your API and authentication.

5 min readJan 2026

Open Redirect Explained

Open redirects let attackers use your site to redirect users to malicious pages. Learn how open redirects work and how to safely handle redirects.

5 min readJan 2026

Path Traversal Explained

Path traversal lets attackers read files outside your intended directory using ../ sequences. Learn how to safely handle file paths in your application.

5 min readJan 2026

Prototype Pollution Explained

Prototype pollution lets attackers inject properties into JavaScript object prototypes, affecting all objects. Learn how it works and how to prevent it.

6 min readJan 2026

Race Conditions Explained

Race conditions let attackers exploit timing gaps between check and use. Learn how TOCTOU bugs work and how to prevent them with proper locking and atomicity.

6 min readJan 2026

ReDoS (Regex DoS) Explained

ReDoS attacks use malicious input to make regular expressions take exponential time. Learn how to identify and fix vulnerable regex patterns in your code.

5 min readJan 2026

Security Misconfiguration Explained

Security misconfiguration covers default passwords, verbose errors, missing security headers, and exposed admin panels. Learn the common misconfigs in vibe-coded apps.

8 min readJan 2026

Sensitive Data Exposure Explained

Sensitive data exposure happens when personal, financial, or confidential information isn't properly protected. Learn how data leaks happen and how to secure user data.

8 min readJan 2026

SQL Injection Explained: How Attackers Manipulate Your Database

SQL injection lets attackers read, modify, or delete your database through input fields. Learn how SQLi works and how to protect your vibe-coded app with parameterized queries.

9 min readJan 2026

SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery) Explained

SSRF lets attackers make your server send requests to internal systems. Learn how SSRF works and how to protect server-side URL fetching in your app.

7 min readJan 2026

Subdomain Takeover Explained

Subdomain takeover happens when DNS points to an unclaimed external service. Attackers can claim that service and host content on your subdomain.

5 min readJan 2026

Timing Attacks Explained

Timing attacks measure how long operations take to extract secrets. Learn about timing-safe comparisons and how to protect sensitive operations.

5 min readJan 2026

Vulnerable Dependencies Explained

Third-party packages can contain security vulnerabilities that put your app at risk. Learn how to find and fix vulnerable dependencies in your vibe-coded projects.

7 min readJan 2026

WebSocket Security Explained

WebSockets bypass traditional HTTP security controls. Learn about WebSocket authentication, origin validation, and common security pitfalls to avoid.

6 min readJan 2026

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Explained in Plain English

XSS attacks let hackers inject malicious scripts into your web pages. Learn how XSS works, see real examples, and discover how to protect your vibe-coded app.

10 min readJan 2026

XXE (XML External Entity) Explained

XXE attacks exploit XML parsers to read files, make server requests, or crash applications. Learn how XXE works and why modern apps that don't use XML are usually safe.

6 min readJan 2026